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Roger Joseph Ebert (; June 18, 1942 – April 4, 2013) was an American film critic and historian, journalist, screenwriter and author. He was a film critic for the ''Chicago Sun-Times'' from 1967 until his death in 2013. In 1975, Ebert was the first film critic to win the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism.〔 As of 2010, his reviews were syndicated to more than 200 newspapers in the United States and abroad. Ebert also published more than 20 books and dozens of collected reviews. Ebert and ''Chicago Tribune'' critic Gene Siskel helped popularize nationally-televised film reviewing when they co-hosted the PBS show ''Sneak Previews'', followed by several variously-named ''At the Movies'' programs. The two verbally sparred and traded humorous barbs while discussing films. They created and trademarked the phrase "Two Thumbs Up," used when both hosts gave the same film a positive review. After Siskel died in 1999, Ebert continued hosting the show with various co-hosts and then, starting in 2000, with Richard Roeper. In 2005, Ebert became the first film critic to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Neil Steinberg of the ''Chicago Sun-Times'' said Ebert "was without question the nation's most prominent and influential film critic",〔 Tom Van Riper of ''Forbes'' described him as "the most powerful pundit in America", and Kenneth Turan of the ''Los Angeles Times'' called him "the best-known film critic in America". Ebert lived with cancer of the thyroid and salivary glands from 2002 that required treatments necessitating the removal of his lower jaw, which cost him the ability to speak or eat normally. Regardless, his ability to write was unimpaired and he continued to publish frequently both online and in print until his death on April 4, 2013.〔 ==Early life== Roger Joseph Ebert〔. May 20, 2008. Retrieved June 7, 2012.〕 was born in Urbana, Illinois, the only child of Annabel (née Stumm;〔〔("Ebert, Roger (R. Hyde, Reinhold Timme)" ). encyclopedia.com. Retrieved April 4, 2013.〕 May 1, 1911 – June 1, 1987), a bookkeeper,〔 and Walter Harry Ebert〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Biography of Roger Ebert )〕〔()〕 (November 20, 1901 – September 22, 1960), an electrician.〔 He was raised Roman Catholic, attending St. Mary's elementary school and serving as an altar boy in Urbana.〔 His paternal grandparents were German immigrants〔(Ebert's review of ''Maryam'' ) (April 12, 2002)〕 and his maternal ancestry was Irish and Dutch.〔〔Ebert, Roger (February 22, 2013). ("What was my Aunt Martha trying to ask me?" ) ''Chicago Sun-Times''.〕 Ebert's interest in journalism began when he was a student at Urbana High School, where he was a sports writer for ''The News-Gazette'' in Champaign, Illinois; however, he began his writing career with letters of comment to the science fiction fanzines of the era.〔 He became involved in science fiction fandom,〔See his autobiographical essay in Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, ("Thought Experiments: How Propeller-Heads, BNFs, Sercon Geeks, Newbies, Recovering GAFIAtors, and Kids in the Basements Invented the World Wide Web, All Except for the Delivery System." )〕 writing articles for fanzines, including Richard A. Lupoff's ''Xero''. In his senior year, he was class president and editor-in-chief of his high school newspaper, ''The Echo''.〔 In 1958, he won the Illinois High School Association state speech championship in "radio speaking", an event that simulates radio newscasts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Roger Ebert in the IHSA list of state speech champions, 1957–58 )〕 Regarding his early influences in film criticism, Ebert wrote in the 1998 parody collection ''Mad About the Movies'': :I learned to be a movie critic by reading ''Mad'' magazine... ''Mads parodies made me aware of the machine inside the skin – of the way a movie might look original on the outside, while inside it was just recycling the same old dumb formulas. I did not read the magazine, I plundered it for clues to the universe. Pauline Kael lost it at the movies; I lost it at ''Mad'' magazine.〔Foreword to ''Mad About the Movies'', Mad Books, 1998, ISBN 1-56389-459-9〕 Ebert began taking classes at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as an early-entrance student, completing his high-school courses while also taking his first university class.〔Ebert, Roger. Life Itself: A Memoir. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2011. p. 91.〕 After graduating from Urbana High School in 1960, Ebert then attended and received his undergraduate degree in 1964. While at the University of Illinois, Ebert worked as a reporter for the ''Daily Illini'' and then served as its editor during his senior year while also continuing to work as a reporter for the ''News-Gazette'' of Champaign-Urbana, Illinois (he had begun at the ''News-Gazette'' at age 15 covering Urbana High School sports).〔Ebert, Roger. ''Life Itself: A Memoir''. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2011. p. 30.〕 As an undergraduate, he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity and president of the U.S. Student Press Association.〔Ebert, Roger. ''Life Itself: A Memoir''. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2011. pp. 92, 96.〕 One of the first movie reviews he ever wrote was a review of ''La Dolce Vita'', published in ''The Daily Illini'' in October 1961.〔(''La Dolce Vita'' @ rogerebert.com ), October 4, 1961.〕 Ebert spent a semester as a master's student in the department of English there before attending the University of Cape Town on a Rotary fellowship for a year.〔Ebert, Roger. ''Life Itself: A Memoir''. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2011. p.96.〕 He returned from Cape Town to his graduate studies at Illinois for two more semesters and then, after being accepted as a PhD candidate at the University of Chicago, he prepared to move to Chicago. He needed a job to support himself while he worked on his doctorate and so applied to the ''Chicago Daily News'', hoping that, as he had already sold freelance pieces to the ''Daily News'', including an article on the death of writer Brendan Behan, he would be hired by editor Herman Kogan. Instead Kogan referred Ebert to the city editor at the ''Chicago Sun-Times,'' Jim Hoge, who hired Ebert as a reporter and feature writer at the ''Sun-Times'' in 1966.〔Ebert, Roger. ''Life Itself: A Memoir''. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2011. p. 139.〕 He attended doctoral classes at the University of Chicago while working as a general reporter at the ''Sun-Times'' for a year. After movie critic Eleanor Keane left the ''Sun-Times'' in April 1967, editor Robert Zonka gave the job to Ebert.〔"Ebert named film critic." Chicago Sun-Times, April 5, 1967, p. 57.〕 The load of graduate school and being a film critic proved too much, so Ebert left the University of Chicago to focus his energies on film criticism.〔Ebert, Roger. ''Life Itself: A Memoir''. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2011. pp. 142–143.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roger Ebert」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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